Poisons And Antidotes

What is poison?

Poison:

A poison is a chemical substance that can produce harmful effects, ill health, disease or death. The effects of poisoning can range from mild discomfort to serious injury or even death.

Poison can come in many forms including,

• Chemicals
• Drugs
• Plants
• Animals

And even everyday household items like cleaning products or certain foods.

The symptoms of poisoning can also vary depending on the type and amount of poison ingested and age, health, and weight of the individual.

It is important to take precautions to avoid accidental poisoning, such as keeping toxic substances out of reach of children, wearing protective gear when handling chemicals, and reading labels carefully to ensure proper use and disposal of potentially hazardous materials. If you suspect poisoning, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately.

What is Antidote?

Antidote:

Antidote is a substance that counteracts the effect of a poison. Antidotes are the drugs that prevent absorption, inactive or antagonize the actions of poisons.

Antidotes work by either binding to the toxic substance and rendering it harmless, or by enhancing the body’s natural ability to eliminate the toxin. In some cases, supportive care such as intravenous fluids, oxygen therapy, or mechanical ventilation may also be needed.

Types of Antidotes:

Mechanical Antidotes / physical Antidotes:

These substances prevent the absorption of poison by their presence, for example Demulcents (fats, oils, milk, egg albumin) are used for corrosive and irritant poisoning, bulky food used for glass poisoning and activated charcoal is handed down for strychinine and mineral poisoning.

Chemical Antidotes:

These substances neutralize the chemical action of oxides the poison into non-toxic or insoluble form, for example dilute acetic acid, dilute alkali (milk of magnesia), tennin (strong tea), potassium per magnet.

Physiological antidote / pharmacological Antidotes:

These produce effects opposite to that of the poison, for example atropine for organophosphates, naloxone for morphine, N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen.

Some poison and their Antidotes

1. The antidote of acids is alkalis.
2. The antidote of alkalis is acids.
3. The antidote of paracetamol is acetylcysteine.
4. The antidote of cholinestrase inhibitors is atropine.
5. The antidote of iron salts is deferoxamine.
6. The antidote of Digoxin is Digoxin antibodies.
7. The antidote of Caffeine, Theophylline,  sympathomimetics is Esmolol.
8. The antidote of Methanol, ethylene glycol is Ethanol.
9. The antidote of Benzodiazepines, zolpidem is Flumazenil.
10. The antidote of Beta adrenoceptors blockers is Glucagon.
11. The Antidote of Hypoglycemics is Glucose.
12. The antidote of Cynide is Hydroxocobalamin.
13. The antidote of oipoid analgesics is Naloxone and Naltrexone.
14. The antidote of Carbon monoxide is 100% oxygen.
15. The antidote of organophosphate cholinestrase inhibitors is pralidoxime.
16. The antidote of atropine is physostigmine.
17. The antidote of physostigmine is atropine.
18. The antidote of arsenic is dimercaprol.
19. The antidote of antimony is dimercaprol.
20. The antidote of amphetamine is chlorpromazine.
21. There is no specific antidote for aspirin but as a antidote for aspirin we do alkalinization of urine and supportive treatment.
22. The antidote for Bromide is chloride.
23. The antidote for barbiturates is Nikethamide and sympathomimetics.
24. The antidote for warfarin is Vitamin-K1.
25. The antidote for heparin is protamine sulphate.
26. The antidote for copper is penicillamine.
27. The antidote for Gold is dimercaprol.
28. The antidote for histamine is anti histamine.
29. The antidote for lead is Edetate (EDTA).
30. The antidote for mercury is penicillamine and dimercaprol.
31. The antidote for norepinephrine is phentolamine.
32. The antidote for nitrate is methylene blue.
33. The antidote for tubocurarine is neistigmine.

Learn more

What is poisons?

What is antidotes?

Types of Antidotes

What is mechanical antidotes?

What is physical Antidotes?

What is chemical antidotes?

What is physiological antidotes?

What is pharmacological Antidotes?

What is the antidote of acids?

What is the antidote of alkalis?

What is the antidote of paracetamol?

What is the antidote of cholinestrase inhibitors?

What is the antidote of iron salts?

What is the antidote of Digoxin?

What is the antidote of Caffeine?

What is the antidote of Theophylline?

What is the antidote of sympathomimetics ?

What is the antidote of Methanol?

What is the antidote of ethylene glycol?

What is the antidote of Benzodiazepines?

What is the antidote of zolpidem?

What is the antidote of beta adrenoceptors blockers?

What is the antidote of Hypoglycemics?

What is the antidote of Cynide?

What is the antidote of oipoid analgesics?

What is the antidote of Carbon monoxide?

What is the antidote of organophosphate cholinestrase inhibitors?

What is the antidote of atropine?

What is the antidote of physostigmine?

What is the antidote of arsenic?

What is the antidote of antimony?

What is the antidote of amphetamine?

What is the antidote of aspirin?

What is the antidote of bromide?

What is the antidote of barbiturates?

What is the antidote of Warfarin?

What is the antidote of heparin?

What is the antidote of copper?

What is the antidote of gold?

What is the antidote of histamine?

What is the antidote of lead?

What is the antidote of Mercury?

What is the antidote of norepinephrine?

What is the antidote of nitrate?

What is the antidote of tubocurarine?