Types of Mixtures

There are 3 main types of mixtures

1)positive mixture

2)negative mixture

3)neutral mixture

1)positive mixture:

Positive mixture is spontaneously formed mixture. They do not require energy for mixing.

E.g. mixing of miscible liquid and mixing of miscible gasses. Like alcohol and water.

Positive mixtures are difficult to separate from each other / segregate.

In positive mixtures de mixing or segregation requires energy. And positive mixtures are irreversible mixtures. Once form they never be separated.

2)Negative mixtures:

Negative mixtures are non spontaneously formed mixtures. They require energy for mixing .

E.g. suspension and emulsion.

In negative mixtures de mixing and segregation do not require energy. Negative mixtures are reversible mixtures.

3)neutral mixtures:

Neutral mixtures are non spontaneously formed mixtures. They require energy for mixing.

E.g. ointment , paste etc

Neutral mixtures require energy for de mixing. Neutral mixtures are irreversible mixtures.

Factors affecting on powdered mixing:

1)particle size

2)particle shape

3)particle density

4)particle charge

5)particle nature

6)volume of powdered to be mixed

1)particle size:

Same size particles are mixed easily as compare to different size particles. In same size particles rate of segregation is low. In different size particles rate of segregation is high.

2)particle shape:

Regular shape particles are easily mixed. Irregular shape particles are difficult to mixed because there is interlocking between the particles and chances of segregation is increased.  Particles become interlocked.

3)particle density:

Same shape but different density particles are difficult to mix. Select excipient density same to active ingredients.

4)particle charge:

Particles gain charge called electrostatic charges. Same charges repple each other and different charges attract each other and make a lumps or aggregates.

5)particle nature:

Crystalline,  amorphous,  solid , liquid , semi solid etc. Same nature particles are easily mixed. So check the physical properties.

6)amount of powdered to be mixed:

Volume effect the mixing. Same volume are easily mixed . And different volume are difficult to mix so we perform geometrical mixing. Example in case of potent drugs.

For example: we have 2gm of potent drug and we have to mixed to 20mg excipient.  So first of all we mix 2gm of drug in 2 gm of excipient and we get 4gm of mixture then add 4gm of excipient we get 8gm them add 8gm we get 16gm then at last add 6gm to get the 20gm of mixture.

2mg(drug)+2mg(excipient)=4mg

4mg+4mg=8mg

8mg+8mg=16mg

16mg+6mg=20mg.

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